PESTEL Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

PESTEL Analysis - Essay ExampleThe strawman of mining will inflate wages and keep the exchange rate strong, which jackpot prevent otherwise sectors, for example, agriculture, from being internationally competitive and thus from realizing the opportunity for export-driven growth (Mining and pauperisation Reduction online).The higher incomes of tap workers can lead to rising local prices-with the sorry left behind at the same time, the poor and nonmining population may have only limited access to services provided by the mine (Mining and Poverty Reduction online).The a lot harsh living conditions for miners in small-scale mining as well as in large-scale mining, along with the lack of information and education about prevention, can contribute to a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and other communicable diseases among miners and their families. Also, work-related injuries and health risks-lung cancer, for example-reduce the miners life expectancy and often pu t families in particularly precarious situations (Mining and Poverty Reduction online).Mining activities can have a negative impact on the livelihood of indigenous people, with sociocultural conflicts surrounding the establishment of mining activities in otherwise rural areas or in the wilderness (Mining and Poverty Reduction online).Environmental damage can be caused by mining.

Epicurus believed that death should be nothing to us. Describe and Essay

Epicurus believed that expiry should be nothing to us. Describe and critically assess his principle argument for this shoemakers last - Essay ExampleUnfortunately, we can become acquainted only with small parts of his works and just about letters,which pertained our times. All the fine points ofEpicureanism can be learned from the works of his followers and critics. Nevertheless, the philosophy of the thinker is invaluable and worth-discussing as it presents very interesting ideas about purport and death, pleasure and pain, and teaches us how to avoid the fear of death that resists people from enjoying life.Epicurus had very interesting view on philosophy. He stated that the aim of this science was to reach the pleasant, calm life, absolute harmony without fear and diminished, full-fledged life among true friends. According to the philosopher, delight and hurt define what is good and bad, while death represents the end of everything, both the body and the spirit and that is w hy universe should not be afraid of it (Bakalis, 2005). The philosopher did not believe that any supreme forces can control humanitys life and punish humans. According to his materialistic point of view, our world is founded on the atoms behavior and represents unceasing system (Panicha, 1967).Epicurus considered the science of philosophy to be very helpful for people in their attempts to make their life more pleasant. The philosophy can help get liberate of troubles that make our life poorer. One of the troubles that prevent us from enjoying our life is the fear of death. According to Epicurus, this fear spoils our life and in order to get rid of it, it is necessary we should understand what death really is.In order not to suffer people moldiness feel safe. Here Epicurus is talking about the value of justice. According to the philosopher, only justice can resist harm and suffering completely. The philosopher talks about the justice system as about an agreement we cross with e ach other people make with each other to guarantee our safety.Get used to accept that death is nothing to us. For all good and bad consists in sense experience,

Liberalism, Republicanism, Ascriptive Hierarchy On Case About Same- Dissertation

Liberalism, Republicanism, Ascriptive Hierarchy On grimace About Same- Sex Marriage - Dissertation ExampleThis essay declares that legally wedded couples living in marriage equity states will soon have equivalent access to all the government rights and boodle focused around conjugal status. For wedded couples living in states without marriage fairness, there is less clarity. thence with DOMA off the beaten path, distinctive government projects have diverse decides that figure out where an office looks to demand if a marriage is legitimate either place of festival or spot of living arrangement. under the current runs and practices, a legally wedded same-sex couple living in a state that does not perceive their marriage will have admittance to some government rights and profits, however might not have admittance to numerous others, contingent upon how the court principles.This paper makes a conclusion that the reaction has been in two ways. For instance it has been believed by ma ny people that, all they are going to have is to a greater extent weight to comply with foreordained character boxes, and less flexibility to be an individual, and more weight to take in the administrations gift to have a true blue relationship. Also constraining individuals to perceive connections that they ethically cant serving contradicting is not really flexibility of religious practice. On the other hand, there is a solid prison term that, numerous profits are just accessible to wedded couples, for example, doctors facility appearance amid an ailment, assessment and legacy rights, access to family wellbeing scope, and security in the occasion of the relationship ending.

Movement and Positioning in Stroke Patients Essay

Movement and Positioning in Stroke Patients - Essay ExampleThe personal effects of slice can be divided into two categories impairments and disabilities. Impairments are changes in the body structure and function. Disabilities, on the separate hand, are limitations in the performance of the activities of daily upkeep. These can be affected not just by the physical effects of the disease, but by psychological and social factors.Impairments and disabilities can worsen with time if no intervention is done. It may tug to further deterioration due to immobility or reduced activity, leash to complications such as thrombus formation, decubitus ulcers, and pulmonary embolism. Patients may also become more dependent on others and engage decreased normal social interactions. All of these can have a profound effect on a persons well-being. Backe, Larsson, and Fridlund (1996) investigated how patients conceived their life situation during the first week after the onset of stroke. They bri ng out deep psychological trauma in the patients, wherein they had feelings of unreality, awareness of a changed role in life, feelings of a changed cognition of the body, and feelings of being confused. Patients were also found to have a heightened sense of loss of capability and awareness of living in a confined space. Fortunately, some patients also developed an appreciation for the importance of support and cost increase and a will to look for new opportunities after the onset of stroke.One of the outstanding debilitating effects of stroke is immobility.... It also discusses the role of nurses in the management of stroke patients and in rehabilitation programs. It concludes with learnings from the literary works refresh and critical appraisal and recommendations on how to apply these to nursing practice. The Importance of Movement and Positioning Stroke as a disease process can be progressive. Even though the cerebrovascular event that leads to the neurological deficits is acute, its sequelae can continue to build on each other, leading to progressive deterioration of the patient. One important example of this is immobility. Due to neurologic deficits, a patient may have difficulty moving. This can lead to development of contractures, muscle atrophy, and nerve palsies (Summers et al., 2009). Current practice advocates archaeozoic mobility for stroke patients. Summers et al. (2009), in their statements regarding the comprehensive tuition of the acute stroke patient, recommends that stroke patients may be initially kept on bed stand-in but should be mobilized once hemodynamically stable. It has been found that early mobilization reduces the risk of atelectasis, pneumonia, DVT, and pulmonary embolism. Aside from early immobilization, a longer term rehabilitation program has also been found to be effective in stroke patients. Ernst (1990) reviewed the literature on rehabilitation and physiotherapy among stroke patients and found that it was associated with improvement in operating(a) status and lower incidence of secondary complications such as pneumonia and ulcers. Furthermore, Gordon et al. (2004) found in their review of literature that aerobic exercise can enable activities of daily living to be performed

Corporate Finance FE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Corporate Finance FE - Essay ExampleIt is of note that altogether the long-term operating assets are incorporated in the calculation for the NOWC but not the short-term investments to be considered as the operating working capital because these short term investments are assumed to be delight bearing securities that to an extent do not directly finance or result from the operations of the lash-up Corporation.2. Seven years ago ABC Inc. issued a series of $1,000 alignments (i.e. Par = $1,000) 10% compounded biennially for a term of 30 years. Additionally, the bonds are callable with a call premium of two verifier payments. Today, the market rate is 10% and each single bond is trading for $844.76. If ABC Inc. wants to raise new-fashioned debt today, what would be ABCs marginal cost of debt? Assume no significant change in ABCs bond rating.Supposing there is no substantial alteration in the ABCs bond rating means that todays market bond rate is the same as market rate at the issu ance time of the bond, thus the bond trades at par evaluate ($ 1,000).The rate 12% viewd shows the market rate of the bond at present. Remember the present bond value is $ 844.76. The 12% rate represents the Yield To Maturity and therefore is a good estimation intention for the marginal cost of debt.3. Considering Stand Alone Risk and the calculation of the Coefficient of Variation (CV), you are to develop a series of at least five historical returns for a financial asset and from these returns you are to calculate the CV for this financial asset.4. You are bearing in mind making an investment in comprise of a project. The initial cost (I0) equals $1,200. In return for this initial outlay, you will own the rights to three future day cash flows CF1 = $300, CF2 = $400, and CF3 = $500. First, if the appropriate discount rate for this investment is 12%, what is the NPV for this project? Second, what discount rate would

Management of New Venture (MBA Program) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Management of New Venture (MBA Program) - Essay ExampleTheir compensation will be considered as their investment and the shargon will be proportional to the total investment of the spouseship beau monde/venture. After all, mere financial investment cannot run a business enterprise. There should be someone to estimate after the business. In the present problem the two members who drop agreed to put in their dangerous work have to be compensated equally or as per the terms put in the partnership deed.The contributions of the members shall be the capital of the firm. If any further capital or loans or deposits are needed by the firm to meet its expenditure then such loans/deposits/capital shall be arranged or invested or even contributed by the partners. These investments if made by the partners will amount to an additional percentage of shares to be held by them.Also at the end of the accounting period the partners are liable for interest at 18% per annum or as prescribed under Section 40(b) (iv) of the Income-tax Act, 1961 or under any early(a) Act applicable, on the amount standing at their credit. Such interest paid will be considered as an expenditure of the firm and will be debited to the profit and loss account of the firm ahead the divisible profit/loss is calculated.The two partners who have agreed to put their heart and soul into the business will have to be paid remuneration as laid down under divide 40(b)(v), which is read with 3rd explanation of the Income-Tax Act, 1961. The remuneration will be distributed among the two partners in an agreed percentage. The partners are also eligible to revise the method of calculating the remuneration as agreed to by and among the partners from m to time.The partners will have to form a board of directors and elect a member as a Managing director who will look after the whole business. The Managing Director will be responsible for the acts of the partners conjointly or individually in the conduct of the b usiness.Meetings have to be conducted at regular intervals and the partners will have to attend the meetings. An agenda has to be prepared before every meeting lying down in clear terms as to what is the purpose of the meeting and what the discussions that would be held at the meetings. Holding of shares of each partner will be based on the amount of investments which they bring into the business. Bibliography Chapterxxi Choice of Organization and self-control, by Saravanavel, Margham Publications

Conventional Assessment Techniques Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Conventional Assessment Techniques - demonstrate ExampleUsing these types of try ons, teachers make comparison between the exam performances of all students. To do this, they design a signal test paper for all students to know which of their students has performed better as compared to others. They rank the students according to their test results. Advantages1.Such tests help teachers rank their students according to the results of these results. This also helps in building students motivation to launch replete(p) performance than others.2.Increased competition between students is another advantage of norm-referenced tests. Students want to do well their friends and for this, they make believe well and show improved performances.Disadvantages1.One of the main disadvantages of nor-referenced tests is decreased standard of performance. The reason is that students are not worried about meeting the criterion set for assessment. Therefore, they just perform to get an edge preferably of working for meeting the standard criterion.2.Working to get an edge over peers also does not show actual class learning, which is another disadvantage of norm-referenced tests. Teachers cannot assess the students performances properly because of not having an assessment criterion.Informal plastic assessment can take place in any student-teacherinteraction (Ruiz-Primo & Furtak). An oral interview is one of such types of informal assessments that involve face-to-face interaction between students and teachers.

External and Internal Environments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 5

External and Internal Environments - Essay prototypeThe business segment in spite of appearance the industry is increasing as the epitome is centered towards amazing thickening experience (Target Corporation, 2012).This report aims at discussing a publicly traded corporation at heart the industry listed on the EDGAR database. This elaborates the register of the companies on the Securities and Exchange Commission. The goals of Target Corporation are designing an infrastructure through which a assorted team can be formed. The sole goal of the team is maximizing the guest experience and retaining the clients within the industry. All these actions set a continuation which leads to success of the business. Strong actions and formation of the communities is the measure using which the aspiration within the industry is managed. The ethical actions implemented create a strong reputation for the business within the industry.The PESTLE analysis of Target Corporation determines the posi tion of the business within the industry. Understanding of the Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and sub judice aspects of the business determines the progress of the business. Operating in the American retail industry Target is ranked the support largest after Wal-Mart. The organization kept on progressing with the appropriate utilization of all the factors. The company stands amongst the top 30 in the listing characterized by the Fortune 500 (Target Corporation, 2012).The changes and transformation of the regulations within the industry impact on the share of the retail stores. The analysis of the bill regulated in the health care segment and analyzing the changes in the regulations within the sector determines the progress of the industry in the business segment (Weber, 2014 KPMG, 2012).The operations of the business in the international industry rely heavily on the cost of fuel and economic stability. Managing the cost within the

The era of the weak state THE WEAK STATE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The era of the faded state THE WEAK STATE - Essay ExampleThe fourteenth amendment (1868) that protected equality of all citizens before law and the fifteenth amendment (1870) that imparted voting rights to all were besides partially circumvented in a similar dash by the South (Henretta and Brody, 440-456). All these had a negative and weakening effect on the consolidating process undertaken by the new state.The period, 1865 to 1890, on the contrary, was the era of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization but of course with environmental cost (Henretta and Brody, 430-446). And towards the end of the era of the weak state, that is between 1877 and 1900, the US began to grow into a full-fledged industrial nation (Henretta and Brody, 462). If it was the feudal social establishment that acted as a weakening element for the state during 1860s and 70s, towards 1900, the uphill embodied industries took over the same task. It is observed that the new America that emerged in 1900 was a land of factories, corporate enterprise and industrial workers (Henretta and Brody, 462). A market of mass dimensions and a wide consumer base grew (Henretta and Brody, 497). Infrastructure facilities were also developed to great extent thereby helping industry to grow better (Henretta and Brody, 495-497). The decades that preceded and succeeded 1900 saw an inflow of immigrants from Europe culminating in thoughts about restricting the same and also extreme urbanization (Henretta and Brody, 502-585).On the governmental front, the era of the weak state is marked by the people getting highly mobilized as policy-making pressure groups but all the same, the government being the weakest in the US history in basis of power and national pride (Henretta and Brody, 600-606). Slowly, as the two-party system emerged, the possibility of a third representative was suppressed and a common understanding was arrived at to maintain the weak state so as to further the capitalist socie ty and its

Argument For and Against Banning Smoking in Public Places Essay

Argument For and Against Banning Smoking in normal Places - Essay ExampleAs the essay highlights at that place is no one who is against someone being allowed to mountain. However, there is an issue that affects those around the smoker. Arguments are cited in favor of banning smoking in public places as can be seen forthwith.This paper discusses that the early movement is that the resulting secondhand smoking is harmful to the health of people. The first bank line has used examples which may not be necessarily accurate. This is use of fallacy to support an argument. It has fancied use of citation from reliable sources. The second reason is that secondhand smoking is more harmful to the health of children. The fallacy prominent example is a petition to authority that is unknown. There is no source of argument in the examples. There should be a valid and reliable assumption. The other reason is that in malevolency of having a smoking area, smoke spreads all over other places. I n this reason, there is the use of semblance that is strange- the example of food coloring. The fallacy applied is the assumption in an analogy that is not correct. The other reason factors other negative effects like the smell of the smoke. There is the fallacy of quick generalization at this point. This is in the example of the clothes holding bad smell. It is assumed that when going out to several places smoke is the only thing not accepted by individuals. Smoking in public places exposes the environment into a dangerous situation. There is the fallacy of begging the question and assumption that fire can result from arse butts.

Media violence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Media violence - Essay Example unhomogeneous individuals and research groups have unendingly attributed the increased rate of violence among the children and youths as a result of media run (Phillips 26). Various forms of media present impetuous incidences as closely as games with numbers attracted towards these violent views and video games constantly increasing. It is equally important to note that other researchers attribute violent media as an outlet of aggression as opposed to source of violence among any group within the society. The paper therefore explores the reasons why violent games and videos need to remain out of blame while searching for increased rise of pitiful activities among children and the youth.To subtract sufficient evidence that will lead to real answers, a focus on trends as well as averages is essential as opposed to simply relying on statistical outliers to measure the extent that criminal games and videos as well as other forms of criminal forms of g ames presented by the media affect the society (Foster). Focusing on logical trends like where an individual goes to work on eight hours a day and then heads property to function in other forms of leisure while a kid plays for one hour and heads for a shooting spree is essential. It is also important to recall that even if there exists a connection in the midst of violent games as well as aggressive behavior, there lacks evidence to signify casualty (Hofmann133). thither is a likelihood that violent criminals may choose violent games but there is still millions of children who engage on violent games day-day out but the vast majority of these children still remain as formula and law-abiding citizens.In the U.S, the concept interrelating video game violence and young people was taken to the guinea pig spotlight in a case where a California law banned sale of virtually specific violent related videos and games was brought in the Supreme Court. The enforcement of the 2005 failed to take effect at the

Childhood eating disorders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

childhood ingest dis enjoins - Essay ExampleThe key points found within this research, in regards to this underlying problem, details early(a) causative factors such as socialization, educational, depressive states, personality traits, and a myriad of other complex, and hidden energizes perpetuating upon the main problem, which is the eating disorder itself. The point of this research was to try and bring more sententious facts into the reasons this disorder has become a growing concern in the medical field today. The ways in which it could be keep opened and controlled are all touched upon as intimately. The ultimate point that was clarified in utmost this research was the fact that more attention to the signs and characteristics of eating disorders among children needed to be focused on, in order to ensure youths have an emotionally balanced and productive life in the best way possible.Childhood Eating Disorders do not appear out of thin air. There is always an underlying c ause for this type of disorder among children and it could be from any number of things. Many doctors believe that there are multideterminants to canvass an eating disorder among children. As has been mentioned, there are a number of causative factors that can be held responsible. One of these happens to be the occurrence of sexual abuse. Oddly enough, this type of traumatic episode can convey children to turning to food as an escape. The only thing this does is mask the much larger problem, as well as leading to health complications (Petrie, Tripp 2001). What has been pinpointed in the correlation between sexual abuse and the development of an eating disorder is the fact that when children are sexually abused they develop a self-perception that is filled with negativities. They perceive their ashes image as a negative thing, their self-esteem lowers, and more than anything else they become embarrassed and ashamed of their knowledge bodies. Food is simply a comforting experience for them and they use it to conceal their other emotions away from their peers, family, and the doctors treating them. Periods of disgusting domestic violence harshly impact a childs chance at a normal life, especially in their control over their eating habits. As with sexual abuse, children who are beaten are statistically shown to use foods as a type of sheltering avoidance of their circumstances (Salisbury & Wichman 2004). Children between the ages of 6-12 struggle constantly with anxiety, climate swings, and eating disorders. They get headaches, stomachaches, cant concentrate, and develop a very passive characteristic about their life in general (Salisbury & Wichmann 2004). Food is their reprieve, their escape away from reality. Early intervention into situations such as these can prevent these occurrences from happening. Nevertheless, these are not the sole causal factors of the development and progression of an eating disorder among unfledged people. round of the other po ssibilities that lead to this particular disorder are, social, cultural, developmental, psychological, and physical/physiological causative reasoning (Petrie, Tripp 2001). In a social context the problem is centered basically around the concept of thin is beautiful, and this especially impacts young girls. They go on crazy diets, some to the point of starvation just to

Gym usage in afro Caribbean men and its influence on acquiring the Essay

Gym usage in afro Caribbean men and its influence on getting the perfect body - Essay ExampleThe thesis aims to identify some of the main aspects of gym part among Afro Caribbean men.The quest for lulu is non limited to women only. Men and women both have from time immemorial strived for correct looking features and var.. While the standards of beauty have continued to evolve, the quest remains the same. The growth of the fashion, beauty and health care industry has been significant in increasing awareness nigh the physical aspects of the body to a new level that was never before. Previously, only women seemed to be affected by the societal and media demands of having the perfect physique and facial features. Now, even men are not spared with the new wave of fashion industry putt men under as tight scrutiny as women. Therefore, the new beauty trend is not only woman, but also man (Hatoum et al, 2004).This is however, only one aspect of the growing awareness about the physical features and their aesthetic requirements. The notion of these projections on the media and the social adverse reactions to other forms of physique have created effect on almost all, and therefore, the newer generations are becoming increasingly brand and beauty conscious. There is no family and parents spared now, who do not complain about the vanity that has entered their childrens mind, instead of the good moral and personal qualities. The ledger entry of the thousands of brands for skin, hair, nails, and makeup and others has increased this madcap rush towards beautification. This along with the increase in the number gyms, health spas, beauty salons and various beauty service providers with uncounted names continue to increase this desire for more attractive bodies.Part of this need for beauty is not entirely false. The social prerequisites became more physical and material with the coming of the industrial age. There is now a certain image and look to be

Alcoholic Fermentation Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alcoholic Fermentation - Lab Report ExampleIn alcoholic tempestuousness, the initial process is the breakdown of glucose. The cell breaks down glucose to produce susceptibility in the absence seizure of oxygen. The process is called glycolysis and takes place in the cytosol of the cell.The energy released from this reaction is useful in the conversion of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+ to NADH. The energy is also used in binding ADP to inorganic phosphates. Production of devil pyruvate molecules follows. Breakdown of the two pyruvate molecules takes place leading to the production of two acetaldehydes and two CO2 as a waste product. It thus follows that the two acetaldehydes undergo the conversion to two ethanol using the H+ ions from NADH, which is converted back to NAD+.Alcoholic zymosis has many applications. Some of these applications are the production of ethanol fuel, in bread baking, in the fermentation of foods such as milk and vegetables and the production of alcohol ic beverages such as wine and beer. Despite the point that the general principle of fermentation is the same for all products, the method of achieving it and the end results differ. Beer preparation by fermentation involves picking rye, wheat or barley followed by germinating, drying and pulping it into a mash. The mash is mixed together with blistery water and transferred to a fermentation vessel to commence the process of fermentation. Yeast is added to the mixture that converts the sugar manifest in the ash to carbon dioxide and alcohol. Once the beer is filtered and conditioned, it is ready for consumption.

Entrepreneurship Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Entrepreneurship - Essay ExampleApparently, there are major pitfalls of entrepreneurship because of entrepreneurs insubordinate side towards corporate management and their overemphasis on the necessity to be active both at corporate conquest and failures as to avoid blaming themselves for observed internal weaknesses of the company they are involved in. However, the creative energies of the entrepreneurs provide a lot of benefits to the other shareholders, particularly the consumers and the community. For example, Google is becoming the dominant search engine in the World huge Web because of few competitors in the field. This situation can be described in economic terms, as oligopoly which is rather disadvantageous to Internet users because of very minimal options to choose from. Entrepreneurs then, being heroic in their standpoint, obligate the positive and innovative energies to generate other search engines that would vie with Google.The high risk of solvency of a amaze up b usiness is a reality that no one could challenge. Nevertheless, entrepreneurs have the imagination and the creativeness to exploit any challenge to one that is worthy of time and effort. The problem only arises for the entrepreneur when the company achieves high growth and the demand to have people as work partners become inevitable. If that is the case, then entrepreneurs could find unused channels where they could pour over their inexhaustible ingenious vigor and consequently aid the development of the local anaesthetic economy.Dan Bricklins remarkable story of entrepreneurship is a framework of nature and nurture mishmash. He was born in a family of entrepreneurs and his inventive and daring spirit made the rich possibilities for him to trail a line of technology business venture. As the son of a creative entrepreneur, Dan Bricklin was able to observe the actual running of a business dedicated to printing press. Moreover, his years of academic education endowed him

Art market and How does it influence the production of contemporary Essay

Art commercialize and How does it influence the production of contemporary art - Essay practiceThe essay Art mart and How does it influence the production of contemporary art discusses what influence has art market on the production of contemporary art. Art therefore has always had something to do with financial compensation, as Colin panther has pointed out. Serious arts criticality is....both economic and ideological. What sustains its specific character and kindly value is its semipolitical economy. The serious art world is at core an argument about value. It is an argument about aesthetic, moral, social and political or whatever value but it is also, and indissolubly, an argument about financial value. The art market then, deals with the buying and selling of art and has its set of players just as in any area of commerce. Tyler Cowen capably interprets art in its economic aspects. Art markets consist of artists, consumers, and middlemen, or distributors. Artists work to ach ieve self-fulfillment, fame, and niches. The complex motivations tin artistic creation allow love of the beautiful, love of money, love of fame, personal arrogance, and inner compulsions. ..Consumers and patrons stand as the artists silent partners..... consumer and patron demands for artworks finance the market....Distributors bring together producer and consumer......The resultant run into of supply and demand fuels the creative drive and disseminates its results. ...Creators respond to both internal and external forces. Internal forces include the artists love of creating, demands for money and fame.

Expectations of Current Economy Essay Example for Free

Expectations of Current Economy EssayThe U. S. parsimony in 2013 has a projected product increased to an annual rate of 2. 5 percent in the first posterior, however not enough to meet the expectations made by the economists (Aljazeera 2013). The reason why completely of these projections came to be was because of disappointments that came about plans did not follow through, or because of accident and uncontrollable events. For example, part of the acceleration in activity reflected farmers filling up silos after a drought in the summer decimated their crops output, but the growth rate was a halfhearted 1. percent (Aljazeera 2013).Because of this event that transpired, the economy did need to compensate in another(prenominal) areas for this event not to be an overall bust. To help with the compensation would be all the other handle of the economy such as the spending of the consumer. The consumer spending, accounting for more than two-thirds of US economic activity, increa sed at a 3. 2 percent. It grew at a 1. 8 percent rate in the fourth part quarter of last year (Aljazeera 2013). However consumer spending was not enough to compensate for other downfalls.Households cut stick out on saving to fund their purchases after their incomes dropped at a 5. 3 percent rate in the first quarter (Aljazeera 2013). The saving rate fell to 2. 6 percent from 4. 7 percent in the fourth quarter of 2012(Aljazeera 2013). save now, based on projections, housing is showing positive signs and can be expected to keep improving over the next year The spending of the government fell to a 4. 1 percent annual rate and most of the increase in the first-quarter spending came from car purchases and outlays for utilities (Aljazeera 2013).But with this good news, the purchase of equipment and software by businesses slowed sharply. But it picked back up at only iii percent rate after a brisk 11. 8 percent pace in the fourth quarter (Aljazeera 2013). The forces needed for a quicke ning US recovery are already in place, but they are going to occur slowly but surely. The balances of items that are or could be affecting the US consumer spending have turned positive (IHS 2012). Also seen is that US businesses are likely to spend and operate more, which means that growth will average around 2% next year (HIS 2012).

The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution Essay Example for Free

The Prehistory and verification of the American Constitution EssayTo ratify a treaty or agreement is to make it official by signing it or voting for it. For amendments of the federal physical composition to take place, it usually requires the support of twain the federal political science activity and a given percentage of the constituent governments.Article five of the piece of the linked States of America illustrates how to amend the document. There are two steps involved proposal and ratification. In proposing an amendment, every congress or the states can propose an amendment of the constitution. (Both houses of congress essential propose the amendment with a two-thirds vote. Two-thirds of the state legislatures must(prenominal) call a congress to hold a constitutional convention.)In ratifying an amendment, regardless of how the amendment has been proposed, it must be ratified by the states. (Three-fourths of the state legislatures must approve the amendment propose d by congress or three-fourths of the states must approve the amendment through ratifying conventions.)Ratification of the constitution in 1787 In 1787 and 1788, after the constitutional convention, there was a great debate in the United States of America over the constitution that had been proposed. Federalists were in favor of the constitution and a fuddled central government as well. These federalists were people like George Washington and Alexander Hamilton. On the opposing side were the anti federalists who were in favor of stronger state legislatures and a weaker central government. The anti-federalists did not postulate the constitution to be ratified. They were people like Samuel Adams and Patrick Henry.Federalists were in support of the ratification process due to the interest reasons Federalists also reasoned out that the new government would not be dominated by any(prenominal) group and there were various adequate safeguards to protect individuals and the stat es. The constitution, therefore, did not need a Bill of Rights since it could take in a parchment barrier which limited the rights of people instead of protecting them. They considered a Bill of Rights uncalled-for because the state governments already had such accountings.They wanted a strong federal government which would hold the earth together. The nation was facing several problems, especially constant trade disputes which were at the verge of dividing the nation. A strong federal government was, therefore, necessary.Anti-federalists, on the other hand, did not support the ratification process for the following reasonsThey were touch about the liberties that Americans had won in the revolution. They feared that a strong federal government would destroy these liberties. They were worried that the constitution did not list specific rights for the people.From the above discussion, if I had been alive in 1787, I would have back up the ratification process because of the follo wing reasonsA stronger national government was required to solve persistent problems in America such as lack of a common currency, constant trade disputes between the states and a lack of unity in trade. Features of the constitution would provide adequate power to the national government to dispense these problems while protecting the rights and freedoms of the people.There were philosophical reasons to oppose the constitution as well. The new government which would be established by the new constitution would create a link between sovereign states. Besides, government did not have power because it was the government, but because the people had granted it power.Federal courts had limited jurisdiction. Many areas were leftfield to the state and local courts. New federal courts were necessary to provide checks and remainders on the power of the other two arms of government. Federal courts would thus protect the citizens from government abuse and guarantee their freedom. By separatin g the basic powers of government into three equal branches, and not giving too much power group, the constitution would provide balance and prevent potential for tyranny.In addition, the anti-federalists main reason for not accepting the ratification process was that the bill of rights had not been included. Later on, the proposed bill of rights was incorporated in the new constitution, and therefore the ratification process was now a valid one.ReferencesBailyn, Bernard. The Debate on the Constitution Federalist and Anti-federalist Speeches, Articles, and Letters during the Struggle over Ratification. New York literary Classics of the United States, 1993. Print.John, Jeffrey. A Child of Fortune A Correspondents Report on the Ratification of the U.S. Constitution and combat for a Bill of Rights. Ottawa, Ill. Jameson, 1990. Print.The Constitution before the Judgment Seat The Prehistory and Ratification of the American Constitution, 1787-1791. select Reviews Online 50-0478. Print.So urce document

Jasmine Revolution Essay Example for Free

Jasmine transmutation EssayLeadership or Tyranny? Summary Within just 28 days, Zine El Abidine Ben Ali had no alternative but to blackguard down from his 23-year presidency in Tunisia. A single spark set by Mohamed Bouazizi turned come forth to be a prairie fire across the whole country. Economic Growth Paradox Although the rescue of Tunisia has been development steady at an average rate of 5% for the past 23 years, the unemployment rate has been standing at over 10% since 2003, which is indeed alarmingly high. The rate is double for the young Tunisians, and even higher for the young graduates. A recent survey has repointn that the unemployment rate stands at 25% and 44% for male graduates and female graduates respectively. If the economy is growing every year, why are there so many people out of subscriber line and struggling to survive against serious inflation? What is going on behind the scene? Surrender to unrivalled-man rule In addition to the economic concomitant ors, the political situation in Tunisia has played a crucial agency in this Jasmine Revolution. The Tunisians have been silent for years minimal (if any) freedom of speech, deprivation of other political rights and smashed censorship over information and the press.Rampant corruption at the top tier level of the Ben Ali regime, as revealed by Wikileaks, is another burning issue. On the other hand, the Tunisians had to confront the unreliable and abusive police fierceness from the government. Instead of being protected by the local police force, Bouazizi (who was operating as an unlicensed hawker) had his make up confiscated and his subsequent complaints entirely ignored, which eventually led to his self-immolation. Transactional Leadership The exchange relationship between the Ben Ali government and the citizens inTunisia did not attend to be balanced. Prior to a series of protests and demonstrations and subsequent abdication of Ben Ali, the Tunisians had been resigned to the di ctatorship of Ben Ali in exchange of a decent life. However, are the Tunisians getting what they are supposed to obtain? Undeniably, Tunisia has become one of the most stable countries in Arab. True, the slow yet steady economic prosperity and gradual extend in grassroots health care and education have made the Tunisians look better-off than their Libyan and Algerian counterparts.Nonetheless, they are as well under constant threat of unemployment, corrupt officials and violent police force sort of of what guarantees a decent life law and line of battle. Media in Play? While some critics have also partially attributed this revolution to Internet social media, Twitter and Facebook in particular, caution should be exercised in order to avoid playing up the actual influence of social media. No doubt, the speed of information transmittance has been greatly enhanced with the introduction of the Internet. In the case of Tunisia, some have named it as Twitter Revolution.However, all social media are better seen as a vehicle or a accelerator of the protests and subsequent overthrowing of Ben Ali. In other words, they are not the sole enablers of such revolution. After all, the crux lies with the fact that when the leader realises his self-interests and benefits at the expense of the interest of the other party, such transactions can no longish be deemed as satisfactory or fair in the eye of the exploited party. Whats undermentioned The single spark in Tunisia has already started a prairie fire in Egypt, with the flame spreading to Libya and mainland China at a great speed.How should the leaders faced with similar dilemmas react? Adopting an even more domineering approach on the people helps very little at best, and aggravates the problem further at worse. Stricter censorship and control over the information flow to the citizens might sound plausible, yet people can eer find means to overcome such barriers. On the other hand, people do not seem intimidated b y the dire consequence of their protests arrest and torture. The self-immolation of Bouazizi is a case in point to show the make-or-break determination of the people when pushed to the dead alley. Fair DealIf the transactional relationship is to be maintained, the leaders should identify, understand and resolve to the true needs of people. Marginalizing any segment of the society is the last thing to do frustration and vexation of the people can evolve into a fatal blow to any regime. If peoples basic welfare were not well taken care of, could the government rest assured that social stop would be maintained? What can go hand in hand with the above is that the leader should get to a vision for the people and motivate the people to pursue and actualize the same version, not for themselves barely but for others as well.

Energy Sources Of The Future Essay Example for Free

Energy Sources Of The Future seeSince Industrial Revolution, the usance of fossil fuels has been the chief(prenominal) root of power for their extensive routine in industries, vehicles and in various scientific discoveries. This is continuing till today especially as some of the susceptibility sources be being employ up, but the demand of the current power be on the development whereas the several(predicate) sources of the planet continue to deplete. Notwithstanding galvanizingity being generated in the power plants is making extensive use of the fossil fuels.The way human is interfering in the natural process for meeting his varied contracts is ca using the depletion of the fossil fuels at 50 million times more(prenominal) at the rate, which it is being jumped. burn, anoint and indwelling gas are the three forms of readiness found very near to the surface of the earth. Coal as a source of cogency is being extensively used in join States. anoint is anforme r(a) major source of fossil fuel getting extracted every year in the form of petroleum like gasoline, kerosene, gas oil, lubricating oils, and fuel oils to be used in vehicles. Another form is Natural gas mainly being used is methane and is highly inflammable.All over the world scientists are declaring non renewable form of sources as scarce with the continuous search for the alternative renewable sources of energy like odorize, air, sun power, heat etc. These forms of energy sources can be replenished continuously. Renewable sources of energy like solar, wind, biomass etc. are dependent on the solar energy directly or indirectly while on the other hand hydroelectric power is not essentially a renewable source of power because in case it is used in the large scale projects, it can result in ecological ill-use and irreversible consequences.(Farret Simoes, 2006) In 1991, a national wind resource wind inventory by the United States Department of Energy found that three states of th e United States, North Dakota, Kansas and Texas have enough of the wind energy to meet the electricity needs of the whole nation. It was found that wind has a good deal greater capacity to create electricity than any other form of energy would produce. Much of the advancement made in the designs of the wind turbine since 1991 enabled the turbines to operate at lower wind speeds for harnessing more of the wind energy and for harvest it at much greater heights.Comparatively very large share of the land area can be use for generating wind in very scarce populated wind rich areas like Patagonian region of Argentina, spectacular Plains of North America, Northwest China, and eastern Siberia. In 2002, it was found that it has comparatively higher rate of generating capacity of slightly 31, hundred megawatts (electricity forum. com) and is increasing continuously satisfying the needs of 40 million Europeans. Utilization of the wind is cheap, conducive to the environment, available in plenty and best renewable source of power.(Associated Press, 2008) Another form of alternative source of energy being experimented on a large scale is the power of sun. Though rate of solar power striking earth is in a very small fraction yet it provides roughly 10000 times of total commercial energy used by humans on planet. solar power is an attractive dominant long-term alternative sustainable source of energy. The benefits are manifold- its availability is limitless, environmental friendly, and can be transmitted to earth from sun without any cost.( home(a) Academy of Engineering, Online) Solar panels constitute nearly common means for tapping solar energy. Sunlight is converted to electricity through the use of solar cells photovoltaics. No doubt solar panels are used for capturing light energy, scientists are still working for improving methods of harvesting suns energy. Stephen Maldonado and his team of Michigan University are working upon the designing those systems that c an be used for converting solar energy into chemical bond energy, which in turn can be used for producing electricity.The main disadvantage of solar energy is that it cannot be stored for long period and has to be consumed immediately. To overcome this limitation, they are using plants as model because plants are able to convert solar energy into chemical bond energy for producing chemical fuels so they are hoping to devise that system which is able to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds for long periods of time. (Steinberg, 2009)Geothermal form of energy may not be as conducive as far as its effects are concerned as compared to solar or wind, but it is also best renewable source of energy for the next generation and is one of the close cheaper forms of energy producing 50 times less quantity of CO2, nitric oxide, and sulfur emissions than other conventional use of fossil fuel power plants with other benefit being not requiring power storage. Geothermal energy is limit less and inexhaustible and Geothermal power plants run at 89 to 97 percent uptime, in contrast to 75 to 90 percent uptime being offered from coal and nuclear. (triplepundit, 2009) There is no doubt of the particular that our future lies in tapping nuclear power responsible for extricating 16 per cent of the worlds electric power. There are around 442 nuclear plants which are under operation in 30 countries with about of them operating in Western Europe and North America. Nuclear power creates no impact on global warming, as their emission level of greenhouse gases is virtually nil.From the uranium mining process to down disposal including reactor and construction, in the whole of nuclear chain emanates exclusively 2-6 grams of carbon per kilowatt-hour. This is very exchangeable to the wind and solar power. It is a fact that if all over the world 440 nuclear power plants had to be closed down and in place are used the mix of non-nuclear sources, there would be an increase of 600 million tones of carbon every year. Though the nuclear plant is costly affair but it is more feasible if its long terms benefits are seen. (The International Atomic Energy Agency, 2004)Among the other sources of energy alga is being rendered as an important alternative source of energy to biofuels on account of its higher level of energy contents, and yield per acre and its capacity to grow best in water system. Its capacity to grow in water is quite huge. As per U. S. Department of Energy (DOE), algae have a potential capacity for producing 100 times more oil per acre than soybeans. Due its a higher content level, oil from algae can get refined into biodiesel, green gasoline, jet fuel or ethanol. Moreover, algae require only water, sunlight and CO2 for its growth.(Donovan Stowe, 2009) Looking at the benefits of the several alternative sources of energy, along with their cost effectiveness and the non pollutant properties, the need of the hour is to put an end to the use of the c onventional source of energy and make use of the most cost effective alternative sources of energy. The innovative and technologically advanced use of the gift of nature leave behind create an environment of the fresh air with more comforts for the whole human race.Reference come Associated Press. 2008. Wind energy could fuel future power needs. Retrieved on June 14, 2009 from W.W. W. http//www. electricityforum. com/news/aug03/windenergy. html Donovan, J. Stowe, N. (2009). Is the Future of Biofuels in Algae? Retrieved on June 14, 2009 from W. W. W. http//www. renewableenergyworld. com/rea/news/article/2009/06/is-the-future-of-biofuels-in-algae? cmpid=rss Farret, F. A. Simoes, M. G. (2006). Integration of alternative sources of energy. New Jersey John Wiley and Sons. National Academy of Engineering. 2008. Make solar energy economical. Retrieved on June 14, 2009 from W. W. W. http//www. engineeringchallenges. org/cms/8996/9082. aspx/

Early Christianity Essay Example for Free

Early Christianity EssayChristianity is one of the biggest religions in the world and is followed mostly all over the world. One of the first of the Christians was the followers of Jesus Christ, a Jew, who taught the way to put up for each and every individual. He taught the fancy that he is raised from dead that made community to consider the divine. He was celestial and showed people the way to de tarryrance. This concept ontogenesisd the number of christens in the capital of Italy and at the end of the fourth century it became the utter religion of the Rome. What were the reasons for the fast spread of Christianity? There were a number of them.Mostly because of the teachings of Jesus, as it tells that thither should be love in between all the military soulnel beings and there should be disturbity as well. This encouraged the poor and needy ones to convert. His concept of breeding aft(prenominal) demolition attracted the people who were feared of there deaths. Decent revolution was another reason for all to be attracted no matter they are poor or rich. Now what were the diverging views of the roman and Christens? Romans deal a concept that a person should live a best possible brio in this world and should live a luxurious care free life where as Christianity was not having this concept.According to them a person should live through deliverance so that they could feature the best of the life after death. Greek have some valid reason which truly made the Christens to think that was intelligence is through lonely time. This peril christens that there followers might decrease. This was when church interpretation came into act so that the right thing should be guide and what is the real meaning of bible should be examined. Our acts croupe not save us from the elicit of hell. It is only the teachings of the Jesus which can actually save us from the hell which could make us put down the heavenly life after death.What was the origin of the unit y of the human race? What was the origin of human ugliness? According to Augustine it was the teachings of the Jesus Christ which actually was the origin of the unity of the human race. Jesus taught them that there volition be no inequation between the poor and the rich and they are equal to the immortal. They should live for salvation instead of pleasure. They should love each other and should give respect to each other. No richer people have right to be superior and no poor are inferior to the wealthier one. All are equal and all are human.The only thing they should care for is the life after death and people should live more for that than this life. This concept actually was the origin of the unity as after this there was unity in all race of human. No blacks were accused of being blacks and no whites were to be superior. This was the main origin of equality in human race. Augustine thinks that the desire of people to live as commanded by God so that they could reach out hea ven is the main origin of the human race or human equality. Those who lived for this world and they dont care of the life after death actually gives birth to the human sinfulness.The desire to be wealthier and to increase the standard of living made human to be sinful. The thought of being better than others increased there sinfulness. This desire made them to do more and more sinfulness and actually origin the word of sinfulness. This actually was origin from roman people who wanted better in this life. What are the two cities, city of God and City of men, gibe to Augustine? What are there implications on the Christen teachings? There are two cities according to Augustine. City of men means this world that is the world according to which a person is judged. It is the world where you can get your pleasure.Whereas the City of God is the life after death, where a person is judged according to there lives. This is the life of heaven or hell and is immortal whereas city of men is tempo rary and allow be ruined when Jesus will come again. City of men is dishonest whereas city of God is ideal. This gives christens the concept of life after death and tells them that everyone is judged according to its deeds. It also tells us that this world in not eternal and will be finished as the Jesus will come where as the life after death is forever so we should care for that life. This gives christens the concept and belief in life after death.Who can pecker the happiness of haven? Then it tells about the heaven where all will be happy and well-to-do and they will be able to do whatever they want. They can live through there desires. all over will be satisfaction and it is a place of spirits. There would be no evil at all. Later christens started hating Jews as they thought that hating Jews is right. As God hates Jewish people so they also started hating Jews. They stop going to occasions of Jews. Saints started teaching Christens against Jews and that the Jews are the wor st of the people. There is a disease in Jews that may cause some Christians attraction towards them.This disease is needed to be cured. Now what is this complaint? This disease is not a medical examination disease. It is about the Judaizing disease that means spreading of Judaism. They are to dive on christens to attend there festival and to fast with them. Some of the Christens who thinks that Jews have the same thinking as they have will go for it and will attend there festivals. This will cause people to get down Judaism. This is the fear of some christens and they wanted this disease to be finished. The disease is the spreading of Judaism not any medical disease and it should be finished with the help of the teachings of Bible by saints.

Personal Attitude Speech FAA Medication Essay Example for Free

Personal Attitude Speech FAA Medication EssayThesis Statement I c tout ensemble back all pilots should avoid any type of medical specialtys that may decrease the thinking work or response measure before they fly. Introduction I. Many common musics ar known to slow the thinking process and slow reaction times. II. I believe all pilots should avoid any type of medications that may slow the thinking process or reaction times before they fly. Body I. Slowness caused by medication can scram a substantial negative impact on critical times of flight.a. When encountering questioning weather, an unfamiliar area, or even just an unexpected flight event, the slowness caused by some medication could be the final determining factor that causes an accident. b. When encountering these types of conditions, a pilots mind must be clear to fixate split second decisions. II. Pilots have a great amount of responsibility placed on them with individually and every flight. a. Some pilots may ha ve the lives of several passengers behind their every move. b.Other pilots may be flying solo, but in a mishap can still cause danger to themselves or innocent bystanders on the ground. III. The FAA (Federal Aviation Administration) has compiled a list of prohibited medications, recognizing that some medications are valid for commercial enterprise. a. In 12% of all fatal accidents in General Aviation prohibited medications were found to be a contributing factor (According to analysis of data by the FAA from the past decade). b. A valid point for concern that many pilots are still using impairing medications while operating aircraft, maybe unknowingly.i. Many OTC medications have a ubiquitous presence of sedating antihistamines. Conclusion I. A safe pilot should utilize the IMSAFE (which stands for Illness, Medications, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, and Emotions) to ensure they are safe prior to every flight, paying particular attention to the medications part of the checklist. II. I be lieve all pilots should avoid any type of medications that may slow the thinking process or reaction times before they fly.

Destructive natural phenomena Essay Example for Free

Destructive lifelike phenomena EssayAmong the most destructive raw(a) phenomena cause by nature and known to valet ar temblors. Earthquakes be not only considered as oneness of the most destructive, that among the most frightening, traumatic and violent as well. In addition, earthquakes are beyond mans control. They are also unpredictable. This paper aims to answer the following questions How do earthquakes occur? What causes earthquakes? Based on its scientific definition, an earthquake is the result of a sudden question of the earths crust due to the stress released from geological faults or by volcanic activity. Sometimes it is also called as seism or temblor (Earthquakes). We a good deal think that an earthquake is merely the shaking of the ground based on what we experience and what we see in the news. What we are not really aware of is that an earthquake take chancess everyday. It is reported by the United States Geological sentiment that over 3 million earthqu akes occur yearly which means every 11 seconds, an earthquake takes place. Thats around 8,000 earthquakes a day. Most of the time, the majority of these quakes are and cannot be felt.What alert us are the stronger earthquakes that run a risk in highly populated areas. In order to determine an earthquakes strength, scientists measure earthquake strength by using a seismograph. The information gathered by the graph is then calculated. The building block of measuring an earthquakes strength or intensity is the Richter scale which is in turn used to rate the energy released by the quake which is known as the magnitude. When an earthquake occurs, it continuously produces waves referred as unstable wave. in that location are several types of seismic waves but the waves responsible inthe first few strikes of movement during an earthquake are called body waves. These waves often live on at the earths inner embark on (Harris, 2001). With the help of the P waves and the S waves, which a re the types of body waves, scientists are able to determine where an earthquake took place. P waves also known as primary waves can travel through different mediums. It can travel through solids, liquids and even gases. It travels faster and hit the ground first. On the other hand the S waves or the secondary waves follows through making the ground also shake.Apparently these waves helps scientist take root an earthquakes epicentre of location. Through the help of seismographs, the amount of time between the P waves and the S waves are then save which is called seismogram, this will then determine how far away the earthquake was from the location. Most of the time it takes 3 seismographs to locate the epicenter or the exact direction of the earthquake which is called triangulation (Wald, 2008). During early times, natural causes were accounted with the anger of the gods that were displeased with mans action.Today, natural disasters are no longer accounted to ancient gods anymore. Instead, man explains such occurrences based on modern science. There are many causes of earthquakes. These can be attributed to volcanic eruptions or even explosions created by humans but the most frequent potential cause of this is the seismic home base movement. The plate tectonic theory states that the excavate layer of the earth called lithosphere is comprised of different plates. Through the advent of the plate tectonic theory, different phenomena and facts that were formerly unknown were finally under(a)stood.Facts such as the movement of the continents and volcanic activities were just among the few facts that plate tectonics had unveiled. Since plates tend to slide on the region below the lithosphere, any of the three different things can happen at the boundaries between these huge plates (1) the plates can move apart- whenever this occurs, hot, molten rock called magma, flows up. Magma will then emerge on the surface, an activity that mostly happens on the ocean flo or turning it into lava which in turn cools take down and fills the gaps when it hardens.The area where this occurs is called the divergent plate line. (2) The plates can push together- an occurrence where in one plate is pushed under the other one which is called subduction. When the plate is then pushed beneath, it melts down in the lower mantle layers. Although plates have the tilt to subduct with one another there are certain boundaries wherein neither of these two plates would be able to do so thus, the tendency of each plate is to push one another and form mountains. The convergent plate boundaries are an area where plates are more like to push against each other.The plates would slide against each other- when this happens the plates are then pushed tightly together building a great tension in the transform boundary (Harris, 2001). We all know that earthquakes may occur anywhere and anytime but there are certain areas that are close enough where frequent actions of tremblor s take place. The ring of fire is a zone where frequent earthquakes as well as volcanic eruptions occur. It is said that almost 90% of earthquakes in the world is experienced in this area.Countries like the United States, Indonesia, Canada, Brazil, Colombia and Chile are some of the areas that are prone to tremblors (Crystal, 2008). An earthquake brings fear and bleakness is alarming. Furthermore, the inability to predict an earthquake makes it even more fearful. Though scientists are still looking for shipway to minimize the devastating effects of an earthquake, knowledge and the understanding earthquakes are mans best defence. Earthquakes procreation serves as the best protection and the hopes and continuous researches provides more security and helps in devastation prevention.References Earthquakes. The American inheritance Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth edition. Retrieved June 11, 2008, from http//dictionary. reference. com/browse/earthquakes Harris, T. (2001). Ho w Earthquake Works. How Stuff Works. Retrieved June 12, 2008, from http//science. howstuffworks. com/earthquake. htm Wald, L. (2008). The Science of Earthquakes. U. S. Geological Survey. Retrieved June 12, 2008 from http//earthquake. usgs. gov/learning/kids/eqscience. php Crystal, E. (2008). peaceable Ring of Fire. Crystalinks. Retrieved June 12, 2008 from http//www. crystalinks. com/rof. html

Cognitive Psychology Essay Example for Free

Cognitive Psychology EssayCognitive Psychology is the study of how mickle absorb, process and store information. It is considered as a discipline in dealing with other studys deal science, philosophy and language. Perception, thinking, attention, memory, decision Making and Problem Solving ability are some factors that determine this field of psychology. This field serves as an aid in making educational curriculum and other software designs infallible for learning. Studying this field focuses on human information processing. Internal mental state is the focus of cognitive psychology. People who focuses on this field merely studies how to understand, trace and find cure to serious problems relating to mental health. at that place are 7 themes associated with Cognitive Psychology management, Automatic and conscious processing, Data operate and conceptually driven processing, Knowledge representation, Metacognition, Unconscious processing and Levels of analysis in cognitive science (Pritchard, 2000). One discipline compound in this field is that cognitive psychology is said to be different from neuroscience because it discusses information processing at a software level. The primary method used is done experimentation on human subjects. Wilhelm Wundt is one and only(a) remarkable cognitive psychologist who established his first laboratory in 1879.His study focuses on conscious encounter (Pritchard, 2000). Wundt did experiments involving introspection. Introspection is self-examination of the mind, or conscious experience. Wundt asked subjects to introspect about the feelings and sensations they had in response to a sensual stimulus (Pritchard, 2000). His perseverance on studying cognitive psychology do him consider this subject as a formal academic discipline. with further studies and continuous search for developing this field, Wundt was able to read another psychologist like him in the person of Edward Titchener. Titchener tried to determine the contents of the mind further (Pritchard, 2000). structural sociology was discovered by him where he was able to determine the elements of thought and how those elements were combined. Another fundamental of cognitive psychology is Herman Ebbinghaus discovery during the late 19th century. Ebbinghaus used nonsense syllables to study memory in a quantitative manner. Nonsense syllables are CVCs, consonant- vowel-consonant trigrams. Ebbinghaus chose those as his subject matter, because he wanted to study memory in a pure form. Hence, he did not want to use items that already had some meaning attached to them. Ebbinghaus demo effects of interference, practice time and forgetting (Pritchard, 2000). Another proponent is Edward Tolman who was famous because of his work that centered around animals who demonstrates ports establish on expectations and internal factors. The importance of his study on cognitive psychology is about memorization. He made experiment on rats by putting them in a maze after they were trained. The rats reached the goal topographic point without going to the learned place. This supported the notion that they had created a cognitive map. manner on the other good deal is relevant to cognitive psychology because this is where the processed information appears. The effect of consciousness is determined by the consequence through a persons behavior. Wundt and Titchener were aware of the subjectivity of consciousness, but they still believed that consciousness could be studied(Pritchard, 2000). Behavior is said to be objective and not subjective. The universal laws of behavior can be determined through psychology because all living things are subject to experimentation of why they come up with such(prenominal) results. Cognitive psychology and behaviorism goes hand in hand because there are certain aspects that cannot be determined by one field alone. Behaviorism is seen through actions while cognitive deals with information processing. Beca use of behaviorisms furiousness on the observable there were some things that they just didnt talk about. Memory, language, and other mental activities would not be discussed by behaviorists. At least they wouldnt be discussed as we would discuss them, with reference to mental events and thoughts that are unperceivable by other people. They tried to explain these phenomenon by constructing theories involving biological drives and habits (Pritchard, 2000). Although there are some arguments relating to behavior and cognitive psychology, since there are claims that Mental processes were considered habits that were not connected to the brain, still Cognitive psychology diminishes the confusions as to why human come up with that action. There are interacting determinants between behavior and cognitive psychology. Through these field people learn that as a discipline, cognitive psychology is developed to bridge the spreading between behaviorism and cognitive social psychology. Tracing the development of cognitive psychology, it developed mainly from behavioral psychology because through observations and critical thinking, cognitive psychologist learn to investigate more about information processing.ReferencesPritchard, Evan (2000) Attention and Memory Chapter 1 How Cognitive Psychology Developed. An article about Cognitive Psychology from the winnipeg website. Retrieved March 15, 2008 from http//io.uwinnipeg.ca/epritch1/amdvlop.htm

Cooking for chumps Essay Example for Free

planning for chumps EssayWhat is unrivalled skill you can use all your manners, no matter what rush you end up in? Cooking is a fundamental skill that benefits life in all aspects Engineers pack food, Scientists need food, stay-at-home moms need food, even people with no career need food. Its a necessity of life That is wherefore I conduct to learn warping as my skill for my learning project. I induce learned so much over the past few weeks that I will never forget. Cooking is not just roughly throwing something together, its a real learn- open skill. Cooking is a skill that never really appealed to me.I ceaselessly had someone to cook for me. However, Im growing up. on that point is not always going to be someone there to cook my meals. So I purview I should learn how to do it my self. I never admit how fun and rewarding cooking could be. It is an amazing feeling to cook for someone or even your self and confound the meal or handbag turn out exactly how you wan t it. Especially if you dont burn it Before I could even start cooking I needed to learn a undersize bit more about the skill. I did some research, looked up terms and asked my family to tell me what they thought I should know.This is when I got one of the shell composings of advice I could have ever gotten. If it doesnt turn out right the first time, or you mess up dont get discouraged and feel free to experiment This came from my family. This piece of advice is really what kept me going through this project. When I would want to mess up they would remind me of wherefore I was doing this and the rewards I would get for completing it. They were right, if I had given up I wouldnt have the skill I have now. I wouldnt be able to cook for myself.It doesnt always turn out perfect, but life isnt about being perfect. Its about doing what makes you happy and doing your best at it. I have a variety of recipes that I choose to make for this Learning Project. all(prenominal) recipe was chosen for a reason. I choose to make the MM cookies because they were my favorite cookies as a child. I wanted to be able to carry on the tradition of my family in my future. These cookies are quick, on the loose(p) and delicious. succeeding(a) I choose Sausage Gravy and Biscuits. This recipe is just an all around classic.Everyone loves it and its lento and pretty cheap to make. However, the biscuits did give me some trouble This recipe taught me that until I am more halcyon with what Im making I need to follow a recipe and not try to guess proportions Next I made the dish that was just for me. I love honey and garlic, so I immovable to make the chicken. It was really simple, but I got distracted and I burnt the chicken. I quickly remembered it before it was to burnt. It still tasted pretty good. Next I made dinner for my whole family.I made joint beef. It was really easy and good. For my final recipe I wanted to share something with the whole class. So I made a chocolate pi e. This was one of the most difficult dishes I made. It involved so many another(prenominal) terms that I didnt know had anything to do with cooking. It required me to learn different techniques and follow a recipe exactly. I hope it was worth all the trouble Its sitting in my fridge hold for our presentation time Ive never had to do a project like this before and it took me forever to choose my topic.I kept thinking and thinking and I finally came up with cooking. My family at first disagreed with me face that it wasnt really a skill. But think about it, how many teenage boys can cook a really good meal for himself or anyone else I really wanted to be able to do something not many other boys like me could do. There is actually a lot of intimacy needed to be a good cook. There are hundreds of different terms that you need to have an understanding of in order to make a successful cook. One term that confused me was skim in. I was trying to mix some butter into lollipop with a k nife, needless to say it wasnt working. The recipe didnt really want me to cut anything. It just wanted me to cream the butter and sugar together with a pastry blender (which isnt really a blender at all) handle I said if you dont know the terms you could really mess up a recipe. Another big thing you need to know to be a successful cook is the techniques need to make a certain dish. For instance if I dont know how to hand lick dough then I cant make homemade bread.If I dont know how to make a mousse then I couldnt make a chocolate pie. thank goodness that there are multiple websites and resources that help you to understand and get help perfecting these techniques. In destination cooking is a very useful skill that everyone needs to know even a little bit about. I am so glad that I choose to study and learn about this skill. It is such an easy and rewarding skill to learn that I dont know why everybody cant be a good cook if they try to be. However, it is much easier if you have someone who has grow to help you

Economic Impacts of Minimum Wage Increase Essay Example for Free

scotch Impacts of Minimum Wage Increase EssayThe Fair Minimum Wage Act of 2007 increased the minimal wage of $5. 15 per hour to $7. 15 per hour. It is believed that an increase in the stripped-down wage will not create negative implications on jobs, employment and inflation. Rather, wage increase legislated in the past three decades view made the most positive impacts in the economy, as the economy experienced the strongest growth during these times, and at the identical time has generated more jobs. In contrast, when the minimum wage was held at a stagnant rate, fewer jobs deport been created (Democrats Discuss). Moreover, wages held at the minimum level translates to lower productivity level. In increment, states that are found on the minimum wage rates suffer from the high occurrence of unemployment. This is true in the faux pas of Virginia, Wyoming and Hawaii wherein the wages were kept in the minimum level which resulted to high percentage of unemployment. In additi on to this, the increase in the unemployment rate is translated to changes in the GDP. According to economist Arthur Khon, every 1% increase in unemployment rate, the GDP falls by 2.5-3%.Therefore, if the wage rate is always kept at a minimum level, the tendency that unemployment rate will rise withal increases, thus it creates a negative effect towards the fields GDP (Mackenzie). Therefore, an increase in the minimum wage rate will have conduce effects in the economy. First, it will translate in the increase of productivity level of the workers, it will also improve the buying power of the consumers and it will lessen the unemployment rate all of which will have a positive rise in the GDP of the country.

Impact of Global Warming

Impact of worldwide changeMilagros HoyosGlobal WarmingGlobal Warming is an international phenomenon where the weather and temperature change unpredictably and fast (when greenhouse gases get trapped in the line). Since the Industrial Revolution, spheric melt has increased, affecting terra firma by rising its global temperature (which has increased delinquent to the event that the amount of nose candy dioxide and other gases spewing from industrial plants has enlarged). Nevertheless, to conceive global heating system, one must understand the components intertwined with its occurrence (such as light speed dioxide, greenhouse gases, Ozone O3, Chlorofluorocarbon, and CFCs gases). In addition, one must learn where, why, and how global heating plant occurs.To begin, one must first know the difference between the terms, weather and climate. Despite the fact that they atomic number 18 related, weather and climate atomic number 18 two distinct excellentgs. Weather reachs to the atmospheres current correspond at a specific location on cosmos. Weather specializes typically change hourly and refer to a small area. The factors that are included in weather measurements are air temperature, wind move and its direction, humidity, precipitation, and cloud locations. Although climate does include some of these factors, climate is a measurement of the average weather condition of a large region for a long period of time. Furtherto a greater extent, climate is measured in decades.Greenhouses gases are another important component of global warming. As everyone knows, the human races atmosphere consists of various incompatible chemical chemical escalates. Among these compounds, there are gases (called greenhouse gases) in our environment that are primarily generated by fogy fuel consumption. Greenhouse gases are vapors that are trapped in the lands atmosphere they absorb and emit radiation at the rate of thermal infrared. The primary greenhouse gases in Ear ths atmosphere are carbon dioxide, water vapor, ozone, methane, and nitrous oxide. cytosine dioxide (CO2) comprises up about 80 percent of primary greenhouse gases. It is a chemical compound, in the state of gas, with a natural, or anthropogenetic (caused by human activity), origin. Also having a natural origin, CO2 is emitted by volcanoes, geysers, oceans, lakes, aerobic organisms ( by respiration), organic materials (from their decay), reduce animals (as they exhale, while breathing), and humans (from their breath). In addition, carbon dioxide can be found, naturally, in oil and gas deposits. Regarding its anthropogenetic origin, carbon dioxide can also derive from the combustion of fossil fuels (such as gas motor vehicles, fabrics, and manufactures). Furthermore, carbon dioxide can be generated from coal, which is rich in carbon when burned.Carbon dioxide is essential to human life receivable to the fact that it, as a major greenhouse gas, maintains an average temperature, on Earth, of 59 Fahrenheit (Gore, 2007). Without these gases, the Earths surface temperature would drop to around 0 Fahrenheit (Gore, 2007). However, the problem is that an excess of CO2 gases contributes to global warming. There are various researches that suggest that there is a direct correlation between carbon dioxide and temperature. In other words, the more concentrated the CO2 (ppm) in Earths atmosphere gets, the lavishlyer(prenominal) Earths temperature is going to get. Humans cannot stop these gases from naturally occurring, but they can prevent the anthropogenic ones. Consequently, many experts advise people to prevent or reduce the emission of CO2 gases into Earths atmosphere. Some ways to prevent the emission of CO2 gases are regulating the emission of pollution, promoting the manufacturer, using electrical or hybrid motor vehicles, and preventing the destruction of forests (which absorb CO2 to form oxygen).Another significant compound in global warming is chlorofluoro carbon (also known as CFCs, or Freon). chlorofluorocarbon is an organic compound that contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine. This compound is produced as a derivative of propane, methane, and ethane, and is used as a refrigerant, solvent and propellant. More everywhere, it has a lifespan of 20 to 100 years.CFCs gases are extremely stable, do not dissolve because of rain, and stay in Earths atmosphere for about two years (which is the time it takes them to reach the stratosphere). In the stratosphere, ultraviolet rays mark CFCs molecules (CFCl3) to form chlorine atoms (Cl), which then defend with ozone molecules (O3) to form chlorine monoxide (ClO) and oxygen molecules (O2). Later, the free oxygen molecules react with the chlorine monoxides to form chlorine atoms, which are then free to start the process all over again (which slowly destroys ozone molecules). It is known that one CFC molecule can destroy up to 100,000 ozone molecules.Ozone O3 (-O) plays a major role in global wa rming. Ozone O3 is an inorganic molecule (in its gas state) that forms in the Earths atmosphere through photolysis. (Photolysis is a process in which O2 molecules split apart, cod to ultraviolet rays, to form soulfulness O molecules, which join together to form O3 molecules, or the ozone.) The formation and destruction of the ozone is steady, with a relative unvarying concentration and altitude of 10 to 19 miles from Earths surface.The ozone layer plays an important role in the warming of the Earth due to the fact that it is meant to prevent the Earth from warming up too much. The lies irradiated rays penetrate Earths lower atmosphere and warms its (Earths) surface. However, these sunrays are filtered by the ozone layer, which is located in Earths stratosphere. The ozone layer protects Earth from ultraviolet rays by reducing the intensity and preventing very high temperatures (which could potentially destroy every animal and human by melting every thing) to occur on Earth.In reg ard to the relationship between CO2 and the ozone layer, CO2 does not directly affect the ozone layer. What truly occurs is that the ozones generation is very slow and gases, such as water vapor and CO2, stay in the atmosphere semi permanently, without physically or chemically changing. Then, when the suns rays (ultraviolet rays) are emitted, they pass through the atmosphere, warming the Earth. Nevertheless, this heat cannot leave the Earth because the gases block Earths heat from escaping, which makes, consequently, what is known as global warming.The region most affected by global warming, where the climate changes constantly, is the Arctic due to the fact that it is located on a highly sensitive part of Earth. Furthermore, the Arctic region is very thin and suffers from ruptures and melted ice, which destroy the habitat of different animals, such as polar bears. In addition, global warming also affects the native people, plants, and wildlife.One noticeable victim of global warmi ng is The Muir Glacier, located in the Glacier call for National Park and Preserve, in Alaska. As shown on the left in figure 1 (on the succeeding(a) page), which was taken in August 1941, the glacier once covered the entire ocean between the mountains. Nowadays, as shown on the right in figure 1 (below), which was taken in August 2004, the glacier is barely visible due to the fact that global warming has made most of the ice melt, causing the glacier to shorten by more than 31 miles and thin by more than one kilometer (U.S. Geological Survey, 2014).Figure 1 Muir GlacierTo make matters worst, glaciers, such as the Muir Glacier (melting glaciers), contribute to the rising sea levels, which produces coastal flooding and contaminates fresh water supplies. snowfall and ice generally act like a security system by cooling the Earths layer over the Arctic. Thus, when the ice and snow that covers the Earth melts, the earth absorbs more sunlight and gets hotter.So, is global warming a big issue to consider? As one can see, it is a immense issue. Global warming affects the planets temperature, climate change, and is one of the leading problems that face our world today. Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases are heating up the atmosphere and are, thus, jeopardizing every day life. This problem is caused by the release of principal human-made greenhouse gases into Earths atmosphere. Therefore, humans can prevent global warming through the prevention, replacement, and reduction of CFCs on Earth. Furthermore, by doing these things, humans can save the environment and, in a way, the worldResourcesBurroughs, W. J. Climate Change A Multidisciplinary Approach Cambridge University cheer Cambridge, 2007.Climate Central, Inc. Global Weirdness difficult Storms, Deadly Heat Waves, Relentless Drought, Rising Seas, and The Weather of The Future Pantheon Books New York, 2012.Goodall, C. Ten Technologies to Save the satellite Greystone Books Vancouver, 2010.Gore, A. An Inconv enient Truth The Crisis of Global Warming Viking New York, 2007.Haugen, D. M. Musser, S. Is Global Warming a Threat? Greenhaven Press Detroit, 2007.Haugen D., Musser S., Lovelace, K. Global Warming Greenhaven Press Detroit, 2010.Joesten, M. Hogg, J. L. CHEM In Your World Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning Belmont, 2011.McKibben, B. The Global Warming Reader A Century of Writing About Climate Change Penguin Books New York, 2012.U.S. Geological Survey. Glacier and landscape painting Change in Response to Changing Climate. http//www.usgs.gov/climate_landuse/glaciers/repeat_photography.asp (accessed June 23, 2014).Weart, S. R. The Discovery of Global Warming Harvard University Press Cambridge, 2003.

The Relationship Between Host Community And Guest Tourism Essay

The Relationship Between Host Community And Guest holidaymakerry Essay2.0 admittance touristry is a product that relies totally upon simultaneous production and consumption. The implication of this for the destinations multitude community is that it go forth come into contact with an alien population during the production process. This contact cease be beneficial or detrimental to the multitude community depending upon the difference in enculturations and the nature of the contact.Tourism can develop and twist when boniface community has a constructive attitude toward it and when they see their role in the process of the touristry using. At the point when a touristry destination is born, the quality if the life of the topical anesthetic hosts goes through fundamental changes, which are not necessarily ostracize. Literature suggests that touristry breeding has bring outd both positive and invalidating impacts on communities. As a consequence, community residents hold different attitudes towards tourism development. Residents who do not support the development of tourism energise been identified in almost all segmentation studies concerning attitudes towards tourism, namely Haters (Davis et al. 1988 Madrigal 1995), Cynics (Williams and Lawson 2001) or Somewhat Irritated (Ryan and Montgomery 1994). Host communities do see new business opportunities in tourism and are motivated to explore them. At the same time, they know that virtually negative physical, ethnical, social and sparing impacts will emerge. The most complex problems that accompany tourism development, reside in the relationship amid local host and tourist. Furthermore , there are limits of tourism growth that are closely associated with the daub capability and with the quality of life in the local community.The most complex problems that accompany tourism development, reside in the relationship between tourists and local host. Furthermore, there are limits of tourism grow th that are closely associated with the place capacity and with the quality of life in the local community. When these limits are exceeded, local residents develop negative attitudes towards tourism. When negative attitudes become beliefs, tourism development obstacles appear. The beliefs of the local hosts become the most reliable indicator of the limits to the growth of tourism.2.1 Tourism DevelopmentTourism development is an expression that encompasses not just now destinations, origins, motivations and impacts, exactly also the complex linkage that exist between all the good deal and institutions of that interconnecting, global supply and demand system ( Pearce, 1989).It has been widely accepted that tourism development is a double-edged sword for host communities. Not only does it generate benefits, hardly it also imposes costs (Jafari, 2001). By evaluating these benefits and costs, host community develop their perception toward tourism. Tourism is an industry which uses the host community as a resource, sells it as a product , and in the process affects the lives of everyone ( Murphy,1981). In general, tourism development at heart a host community often impacts the community both in negative and positive ways. These Impacts have been well documented and are usually classified as socio-cultural impacts, purlieual impacts and sparing impacts ( Allen et al., 1988 Ap, Farrell et al., 2001 Liu and Sheldon, 1987 Liu and Var, 1986 Nepal,2008 Pappas, 2008 Van Winkle and Mackay,2008). Residents attitudes will be positive if they can use tourism resources such as recreational facilities or if they perceive that tourism development will protect or preserve the environment ( Lankford et al, 2003). Conversely attitudes towards tourism were found to be negative if residents comprehend the impacts as negative, or if the resources within a host community diminish as a result of tourist activity ( Lankford et al.,2003 Perdue et al., 1990). Tourism development i nitiatives usually center around the economic benefits derived from tourism. This typically includes job creation, taxes and other in guide income.2.2 Tourism intendBased on the World Tourism Organisations Hainan Declaration in December 2000, it is noted that one of the reasons for the loser of tourism planning in the past can be attri excepted to the lack of consultation with the local residents (Yahya et al. 2005 check to Williams and Lawson (2001) and Gursoy et al. (2002), interrogation on residents reactions to tourism can help tourism planners understand why residents support or oppose tourism. Such information can help planners select those developments that can minimize the negative impacts and increase support for tourism development amongst certain members of the local population. It has now become widely recognized that planners and entrepreneurs must(prenominal) take the views of the host community into account if the industry wants to pursue the goal of sustainable development (Allen et al. 1988 Ap and Crompton 1993). succeeder of a neck of the woodsal tourism development plan depends on the successful involvement of the community (Inbakaran and capital of Mississippi 2006 64).Difference between success and failure could be location or temporally based so this research aims to set the foundation for continuing studies and inform local policy makers, planners and managers. This is particularly relevant in return of recent changes to local government structures in the region. Moreover, the successful development of a tourism industry requires strong planning that both recognises tourists demands and emphasizes the values of the local host community (Lankford, 1994).2.3 Host communityAccording to private investigator (1999), it is difficult to define the term community precisely nevertheless, the word can be used to give ear to a group of good deal who exist in one particular location. Aramberri (2001) suggests that host societies are in fa ct communities, made of one piece. For Williams and Lawson (2001) community is defined as a group of people who donation common goals or opinions. Host Community is particular is defined by Mathieson and Wall (1982) as the Inhabitants of the destination area. Similarly, Swarbrooke (1999) defines it as all those who live within a tourist destination. According to Gursoy et al.(2002) and Williams and Lawson (2001), the community consists of different groups of people who live in the same geographical area, which does not mean they necessarily belong to the same community. In the light of the previous definition, it can be bring to an endd that a host community consists of all those people in the destination, whether they are homogeneous or heterogeneous and regardless of whether the impacts of tourism are beneficial or otherwise.Tourism is an industry which uses the host community as a resource to sell it as a product, and in the process affects the lives of everyone (Murphy, 1980). The community as a product of amalgam of the destinations resources. As such the tourism industry is dependent on the host communitys hospitality, and therefore it should be developed according to the communitys needs to desires. beforehand host communities begin development of tourism resources, it is imperative to gain an savvy of hosts opinions regarding development. Tourism development in a community is not simply a matter of matching product supply with tourist demand, local acceptability must also be considered ( Menning, 1995). Moreover, it is the host community to who has a voice in concluding which tourism impacts are acceptable and which impacts are problems.However, the host is community is often the last to be notified of tourism development (Thyne and Lawson,2001) and quite often they are not given a chance or encouraged to give their opinioin on tourism issues.2.4 Relationship Between Host Community and GuestA good relationship between local hosts and tourist is ess ential for the long term development of tourism destination. ( Ap and Crompton, 1998). The relationship between host community and tourists is mainly affected by the socio-cultural impacts that are caused due to tourism development (Smith, 1995). The variation in the relationship between hosts and tourists depends on the level to which the benefits of tourism are perceived to exceed costs ( Faulkner and Tideswell 1997). In other words, this mean that if the tourism industry brings in benefit alternatively than cost to the host community, the relationship between both parties would be much more stronger. Smith (1989) conclude that contacts between tourist and host community if different cultural background take the form of direct face to face encounters between tourists and host of different cultural groups. The interaction between hosts and supranational knobs raises another(prenominal) issue linked to cultural tolerance. As argued by Bochner (1982), the mutual understanding betw een cultures can create an opportunity for acquaintance leading towards intensify understanding and tolerance and, consequently, reduce prejudice, conflict and tension between hosts and tourists.This type of contact is experienced by tourists when they travel from home culture to a host culture by hosts when they serve tourists from a foreign culture. That is, both tourist and the host community participate in exploring each others culture. Tourist exploring the host culture by learning and exploring it and on the other hand the host community is interacting with tourists, who are of foreign cultures.2.5 Host community perception towards tourism developmentResearch has been conducted for the gubbins of tourists, while local community perceptions and attitudes towards the industry have been given less of a priority (Murphy 1985). pantryman (1980) claimed that there is a correlation between the development of tourism and the attitude of the domesticated people towards the tourists . The domestic people show a very positive attitude towards the increasing number of tourists in the region at the beginning because they have high expectations from the tourist in long term basis. However this positive attitude is gradually replaced by the negative attitude as the time passes. Local residents perceptions are strongly influenced by the benefits and costs of tourism development. Those who received benefit from tourism stated that they are dependent on tourism, but the case was contrary for those who received nothingFor instance, destination communities have been inconvenienced by congestion and some other negative impacts brought by tourism (Brunt and Courtney 1999). Any impacts from tourism causing annoyance or peevishness in the host community may lead to problems for the long-term development of the industry. Therefore, Murphy (1985 133) argued if tourism is to moral excellence its pseudonym of being the hospitality industry, it must look beyond its own doors and employees to consider the social and cultural impacts it is having on the host community at large. Studying host community attitudes and the antecedents of resident reaction can help both residents and planners (Williams and Lawson 2001).Williams and Lawson argued that it was possible to select those developments that can minimize negative impacts and maximize support for the industry. By doing so, on one hand the quality of life of residents can be maintained or enhanced and, on the other hand, the negative impacts of tourism in the community will be reduced.2.6 Tourism ImpactsResearchers in the early years of the twentyfirst century list an impressive range of both positive and negative impacts on the host community as a result of tourism development (Fredline and Faulkner, 2000 Upchurch and Teivane, 2000 Gursoy et al., 2002 Besculideset al., 2002) The probe of impacts from tourism on local communities takes in a range of literature that includes both the positive and negativ e effects of hosting tourists to a community. Andereck and Vogt (2000) point out that residents of a tourist community differ with respect to the impacts resulting from tourism development. However, researchers agree that a necessary condition of successful tourism development strategy is the inclusion of residents of the entire community if tourism investment is to yield substantial returns (Allen et al., 1988, 1993 Jurowski Uysal, 1997 Long et al ., 1990 Snepenger Johnson, 1991).2.6.1 Socio-cultural ImpactsTourism is a socio-cultural event for both the lymph node and host (Murphy, 1985) and the contact between host and tourists can be beneficial or detrimental to the host community depending upon the difference in cultures and the nature of the contact .Tourism development also affects the social, cultural and environmental aspects within a destination. Socio-cultural impacts are concerned with the ways in which tourism is contributing to changes in value systems, exclusive be haviour, family relationships, collective lifestyles, moral conduct, creative expressions, traditional ceremonies and community organization (Pizam Milman, 1984, cited in Haralambopoulos Pizam, 1996, p.503).Host community has always been viewed as victims having to accept the social and cultural changes that are brought by tourism development (Sharpley and Telfer, 2002), while guest who imposes their own values on the host communities are viewed as the villain.Socio-cultural aspects within a destination may be positively affected through increased tourism Research (Ap Crompton, 1998 Easterling, 2004) suggests that tourism brings an increased understanding of other cultures, and strengthens the cultural identity of the host destination and increases community pride.Furthermore, tourism development increases and promotes cultural shift between tourists and residents. Tourism can also be a force to preserve and revitalize the cultural identity and traditional practices of host com munities and act as a source of income to protect heritage sites (Easterling, 2004). Tourism on the socio-cultural aspects can contribute to the revitalisation of arts, crafts and local culture and to the realization of cultural identity and heritage. In order to attract more tourists, architectural and historical sites are restored and protected (Inskeep, 1991).According to a study by Isik (2005) in Denmark, it was common that local people are not happy because tourism change their alternatives of life, they do not have jobs, for children and the youth there are no activities for fun, no cinemas and entertainment. Life is in like manner monotonous. Many years ago, citizens were very happy there was a perfect friendship between the neighbors but now they do not even greet each other. However, the same study was carried out in Gzelaml in Turkey reveals that hosts are very happy with tourists and every summer they organize festivals to nourish more touristsFrom a cultural perspecti ve, tourism development and the appearance of tourists could cause a series of changes in host communities, such as increased price and identity, cohesion, exchange of ideas and increased knowledge about cultures ( beer mug Anderson 1999). In other word, meaning that the host community will gain in about the tourist culture, helping them to expand their knowledge. Other changes included assimilation, conflict and xenophobia as well as artificial reconstructio (Besculides, lee McCormick 2002). Relevant literature acknowledged that perception of host community on such impacts ambivalent that is they have a feeling of both hate and love towards changes occurring with the tourism development. To others, the cultural changes caused by tourism threatens to bring down traditional cultures and societies (Brunt Courtney 199, p 495) and to others it represented an opportunity for peace, understanding and greater knowledge ( Brunt Courtney 1999, p.495).With an expansion in the internati onal tourism, the contact between guest and host would increased automatically. Such an increase would deepen the cultural impacts of tourism on host communities. In an extreme situation, the host communities could become culturally dependent on the tourism generating country ( Sharpley 1994).2.7 Factors Influencing Host community perception towards tourism developmentTourism development does not only generate benefits, but it also imposes costs ( Jafari, 2001). By evaluating these benefits and costs, host community develop their perception toward tourism development. However, previous research indicates that the development of locals hosts attitudes toward tourism is not determined by those perceived benefits and costs but is modified by various moderating variables ( Lankford, 1994). Those tested variables are classified as the intrinsic ratio which includes residents socio-cultural economic and demographic attributes , but the results are mixed.